Although hybridization is understood to be a common process that has shaped the diversification of plants ( Whitney et al., 2010), a historical perception of its rarity has led to an underappreciation of its role in animal evolution ( Mayr, 1963). However, introgressive hybridization can also introduce novel genetic material for parental species, increasing genetic variation and potentially contributing to adaptive evolution ( Hamilton & Miller, 2016 Jones et al., 2018). For example, hybridization can introduce reticulated patterns of evolution ( Larsen et al., 2010), and lead to a variety of detrimental effects such as outbreeding depression ( Beauclerc et al., 2013), genetic swamping ( Colella et al., 2018), and the accumulation of deleterious variation ( Pfennig, 2021). Hybridization is a consequential process that impacts evolution in a diversity of ways. lepida, rather than selection against hybrids.Īncestry, apparent survival, genotyping-by-sequencing, hybridization, mark and release, Neotoma Introduction The frequency of hybridization at Whitewater is therefore likely limited by the abundance of the less common parental species, N. Compared to bimodal hybrid zones where hybrids are often rare and selected against, we find that hybrids at Whitewater are common and have comparable survival to the dominant parental species, N. lepida had lower apparent survival rates and were far less abundant. F 1, F 2, and advanced generation hybrids had apparent survival rates similar to parental N. We identified a high frequency of hybridization at this site with ~40% of individuals possessing admixed ancestry, which is the result of multigenerational backcrossing and advanced hybrid-hybrid crossing. We used a genotype-by-sequencing approach to characterize the ancestry distribution of individuals across this hybrid zone coupled with Cormack–Jolly–Seber modeling to describe demography. Here, we report the findings of a 3-year recapture study of the Bryant’s woodrat ( Neotoma bryanti) and desert woodrat ( Neotoma lepida), two species that hybridize within a creosote bush ( Larrea tridentata) shrubland in Whitewater, CA, USA. It has ~50% bigger range than UHF communication link.Įnables easier animal locating and coming close enough to download the data.Hybridization is a common process that has broadly impacted the evolution of multicellular eukaryotes however, how ecological factors influence this process remains poorly understood. In a burrow, den or when animal is in the nest UHF signal (base station) can stop GPS data collection, it protects battery.diving duration logger, records each diving event with timestamps.“No GPS signal” - detects no GPS signal and switches off logger in a den, etc.Resolution 2.5 mbar (2.6 cm), absolute value accuracy 50 mbar. hydrostatic pressure & temperature sensor (TDR), 0-30 bar (~300m depth),.memory capacity: 130.000 GPS positions.highly efficient solar charger, works well also in a low light conditions.long-life rechargeable battery & charging pins.GPS-UHF LR link: base station hand operated or field installed for an automatic.GPS-UHF SRD link range: (in the line of sight) ground-to-ground >100m, ground-to-air or air-to-ground >500m.diving depth (pressure) & temperature (only versions with a depth sensor). diving duration with time stamp of each event GPS position, speed, GPS altitude, battery voltage, operating parameters delayed start: 24, 48 hours or first diving.GPS controlled by the operating-hours schedule or diving sensor.GPS-UHF intervals: user programmable, from 1 to 240 minutes.data access & programming via UHF link.Available as backpack in standard and LF (Anti-Cover Ecotone® design) housing, as well as collar ("IBIS" collar design) or leg band. In comparison to simple UHF models it gets solar charging as standard thus in addition to battery used data might be downloaded within few kilometres range from base station. LRD (Long Range Download) the most popular GPS-UHF loger in our offer with radio download option - **from 15g of weight**. As well all-year-round tracking of migrants is possible, but with data download when tagged animals will be again in the base station range. Designed for tracking animals (birds, bats, reptiles) during the breeding season that regularly return to their nests, burrows etc. Remote programming and data access via UHF link - no need to recapture animals. SRD (Short Range Download) smallest and the lightest GPS trackers from our offer.
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